Ročník 42, 2013

Alžbeta Ivaničková - Kreativita a konceptualizácia priestoru – nové impulzy v regionálnom rozvoji (Creativity and Conceptualisation of Space – New Impulses in Regional Development)

Abstract: This article is based on the literature that focuses on expressing the interaction between creativity, space and place. We have focused on empirical and theoretical works, and our objective was to show to what extent and from what aspects these topics were developed. The ultimate goal is to show that although interest in physical space and human interaction has been growing the gap in the literature exists, mainly regarding the conceptualisation of space an understanding creativity interaction with physical environment. The concept of space in this context is relative; it puts emphasis on the social construction of space, mutual dialectical formation of space and creative activities. The bases of this contribution are conceptual space background, role of creativity in space and forming clusters of creative activities in the diversified space.

Keywords: creative space, creativity, space, place, creative cities, spatial quality

JEL: R 11, R 12, O 3, Z 19

str./pp. 111-127

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Božena Chovancová, Peter Árendáš - IS IT POSSIBLE TO BACK A MAJOR WORLD CURRENCY BY GOLD? (Je možné kryť hlavnú svetovú menu zlatom?)

Abstract: The gold issue has been attracting increased attention. To the spotlight are coming its functions, especially a store of value and unit of account. Institutional, as well as small investors are advised to use gold as a stabilisation component of their portfolios. Similarly, we can record increased demand for gold from the side of central banks, which represent the largest players on the global gold market. In some cases we can observe also the desire to increase the share of gold on foreign exchange reserves. In this context, new views and opinions have emerged, which advocate the return of the gold to back the major world currencies. The aim of this paper is to analyse the possibilities of different alternatives of gold-backing of selected world currencies. We concentrate on three major currency regions: USA, Eurozone and China. Based on the available data processing and own calculations, we attempt to prove the absurdity of gold-backing of major world currencies.

Keywords: gold, currency backed by gold, gold reserves, money aggregates M2 and M3

JEL : G 11, G 15, E 52

str./pp. 128-139

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Marta Matulčíková, Daniela Breveníková - Holistic Development of Human Resources through Lifelong Education (Celostný rozvoj ľudských zdrojov celoživotným vzdelávaním)

Abstract: The paper deals with the concept of lifelong education in the context of relationship between higher education and needs of the labour market and requirements of future employers of university graduates. The aim of the paper is to identify the demands of business entities and institutions placed on present and future employees, and in this way to present basic information and instructions to educational entities on how to provide for education. This is accomplished via the analysis of demands of selected respondents (employer entities) on their employees. The paper contains two chapters dealing with the subject and philosophy of the present research and with the requirements for job performance as viewed by employers from various industries. The results obtained are related to the problem of employability on the labour market.

Keywords: lifelong education, long-term unemployed, educational environment, European Union, key competences, holistic development, human resources, employer requirements, job performance, labour market, personality traits, Strategy of Lifelong Learning and Lifelong Guidance, Slovak Republic.

JEL : I 21, J 21

str./pp. 140-164

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Ladislav Andrášik - EKONÓMIA REÁLNYCH A VIRTUÁLNYCH HOSPODÁRSTIEV (Economics of Real and Virtual Economies)

Abstract: Since its rise until now, economics has not had the subject of its study as a whole precisely defined, in the way that would meet requirements placed on intersubjectivity in a broad community of economists. Because of this, there arise numerous misunderstandings, even disputes between representatives of several schools of economic thought. Some schools or streams of thought try to deal with the problem by placing an attribute before the word economics. However, that does not solve the problem; on the contrary – it clearly points to an internal diversity of economics, which is something that does not suit the science. Because of this, in fact, social economic conscience still does not exist in a narrower sense of the concept. A principle problem of a scientific discipline is a precise determination of the part of objective reality in question and the formulation of this chosen part of reality to investigation (the subject of investigation). In the case of economics is is mostly not quite clear. It often happens that an economist claims to be studying objective reality, while in fact manipulating with abstract constructions, or mental models, which more or less severed from the objective reality. By analysing the mental model construed above some objective/real-life entity, need not considered as a drawback or mistake; however, it has to be clearly communicated in an adequate scientific way. If this done, then a clear boundary given between the subjects of exploration/investigation constructed above objective/real-life reality and the subject of investigation of some mental model. If mental models which make up a particular scientific whole fulfil on a higher level intersubjectivity requirements and a particular community of economists shares and uses them in this way, then we can speak about the existence of economic conscience of the given community. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the importance of clear determination of subject of study/investigation and specifically deal with new possibilities of cultivating methods of studying/exploring mental models, or virtual economies supported with advanced ICT products and services, applied information science (AI), computational intelligence (CI) and cognitive sciences. Proper using these new means, methods and tools to explore virtual economies this way helps in increasing quality of scholarly/scientific outputs, as well as intersubjectivity within a large community of not only academic economists, but also non-academics, including politicians. This at the same time also

helps in increasing the quality of cognition of objective/real-life economic processes; enable to cultivate imagination of each entity related to complex dynamic processes going on in a real-life socio-economic reality. We illustrate simple forms of this kind of activity by experimenting in virtual laboratories created in STELLE, iDMC and in Excel.

Keywords: Absorption of theory, Baldwinian teaching and evolution, Time of entity, Darwin’s teaching and evolution, Genetics and memetics, Hybrid excellence networks, Hybrid network organism, Imitation, Information cascades, Collective economic consciousness, intelligence, wisdom, Complex adaptive behaviour, Conform thinking and behaviour, Computation tools of consciousness, Computation entities, Face-to-face communication, Economics – information science cooperation, Lamarck’s teaching and evolution, Memetic computation, Meta-consciousness (-knowledge), Modelling and simulations, Myslits, Softbots, Speciation’s, herd

behaviour, Stigmergy, Succession, Transfer, students’ knowledge: obligatory and facultative, virtual laboratories.

JEL: C 72, C 91, D 8

str./pp. 165-197

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František Križan, Martin Riška, Kristína Bilková - MAPOVANIE POTRAVINOVÝCH PÚŠTÍ V RURÁLNOM PROSTREDÍ: PRÍPADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA Z FUNKČNÉHO MESTSKÉHO REGIÓNU BRATISLAVA (Mapping Agricultural Deserts in Rural Environment: Case Study from the Functional Municipality Region Bratislava)

Abstract: The paper focuses on answers to these questions: What are fooddeserts? How to analyse a food desert? Where are food deserts? Is there any (or some) practical significance of identifying them? Food deserts were mapped in the rural villages of functional urban region (UFR) of Bratislava. The binary accessibility measure using geographical information system (GIS) tools was applied to identify food deserts.

Keywords: food deserts, countryside, accessibility measure, GIS, UFR Bratislava.

JEL: R 12

str./pp. 198-209

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Eduard Hyránek, Andrea Briediková, Michal Grell - Zlepšovanie kľúčových procesov podniku ako súčasť jeho stratégie (Improving Key Processes of an Enterprise as Part of Its Strategy)

Abstract: In the paper we focus on the improvement of logistics processes in the engineering company in Slovakia (ECS). On the basis of the company experience of Třinecké železárny, Inc. and the theoretical background, we present the principles of process management in ECS, which produces automotive components. We analyse the possibilities of reducing costs from claims, which result from wasters generated in the final packaging process.

Keywords: engineering company, business process, assembling, packaging, logistics, improvement of process, cost reduction

JEL: D 29, M 19, M 29

str./pp. 210-225

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Anna Polednáková, Miloš Bikár - EKONOMICKÉ MODELY FÚZIÍ A AKVIZÍCIE (Economic Models of Mergers and Acquisitions)

Abstract: The present paper deals with the issue of theoretical approaches to explaining the wave of mergers and acquisitions. In the introduction, the authors describe the nature of behavioural finance, which is associated with modern portfolio theory and the efficient markets hypothesis. The essence of behavioural theory is that the incorrect valuation of assets comes from psychological reasons. The authors of these theories claim that intelligent managers perceive these weaknesses and take advantage of them through acquisitions. Errors of high market valuation may be related to a high overestimation of synergies, leading to waves of mergers. In their conclusions the authors state that even if the merger is part of a wave of mergers, which are controlled by neoclassical reasons, most mergers are the the work of

companies valued wrong.

Keywords: mergers, acquisitions, behavioral patterns, psychological factors, the theory of efficient markets, portfolio theory

JEL: G 34, G 1

str./pp. 226-232

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Alena Bašová - REGULÁCIA ENERGETICKÉHO TRHU V EURÓPSKEJ ÚNII (Regulation of Energy Market in the European Union)

Abstract: This paper aims to characterize regulation in the energy sector in the European Union. Most countries use two basic methods of regulation: price cap and revenue cap, which establish maximum price of produced commodities or maximum of revenues for provided goods or services. These two methods are stimulation methods, which permit regulated entities to achieve their profits if they set up a maximum price or income; hence we can refer to them as stimulation methods of regulation.

Keywords: regulation, incentive regulation method, price cap, revenue cap, energy sector, provided goods and services.

JEL: Q 4, Q 48

str./pp. 233-243

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Mikuláš Sedlák - TVORBA NOVÉHO MODELU TRHOVÉHO HOSPODÁRSTVA (Creation of a New Model of Market Economy)

Abstract: The mission of the economy is connected with ethics and that one with religion. The origin of the market economy was in Calvinistic ethics. Its core is individualism and profit maximization. It is Adam Smith who is considered an originator of the liberal economic model. The next development of economics was achieved by neoclassical economics, which was based on the utilitarian ethics. In the middle of the twentieth century a moral decay began. The maximization of profit is the mythology of the primary goal. The response to that paradigm is the model of social responsibility of enterprise’s stakeholders. The negative features of the capitalistic economic system are above all: cyclical development of the economy,

unequal incomes and property of the citizens, unemployment, and poverty. Opinions of the necessity of the market economy reconstruction vary. There are various considerations on the new market economy’s model. It is necessary to assume the pluralistic approach to the creation of the economic model.

Keywords: capitalism, market economy, ethics, maximization of profit, negatives of the capitalist economy system, reconstruction of the economic model, pluralistic approach to the creation of the economic model.

JEL: P 1, P 16

str./pp. 244-266

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RECENZIE/REVIEWS

Silvia Megyesiová

PAVELKA, T. – LÖSTER, T. – MAKOVSKÝ, P. – LANGHAMROVÁ, J.: Dlouhodobá nezaměstnanost

v České republice. Praha: Melandrium, 2011, s. 116, ISBN: 978-80-86175-76-8.

JEL: Y 30

str./pp. 267

anglický preklad názvu knihy: (Long-term Unemployment in the Czech Republic).

INFORMÁCIE

Miriam Lovászová

Cena Ekonomickej univerzity v Bratislave za publikačnú činnosť v roku 2012

(Award of the University of Economics in Bratislava for Publication Activity in the Year 2012)

str./pp. 268-269